气腹对腹腔镜胆囊切除患者血压的影响分析

目的:探讨气腹对腹腔镜胆囊切除术(laparoscopic cholecystectomy,LC)患者血压的影响。方法:选取2010年1月至2013年1月87例行LC的患者,根据患者血压状况分为3组,每组29例。A组有高血压病史但术前未进行规律治疗,入院时血压符合高血压病诊断;B组有高血压病史并规律治疗,入院时血压正常;C组无高血压病史。对比3组患者气腹前(T1)、气腹后1 min(T2)、5 min(T3)、10 min(T4)、20 min(T5)及气腹解除后10 min(T6)的平均动脉压(mean arterial pressure,MAP)、收缩压(systolic blood pressure,SBP)及舒张压(diastolic blood pressure,DBP)。结果:T1、T2时,3组患者MAP、SBP差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);T3、T4、T5、T6时,A组患者MAP、SBP均高于B、C组,各期差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),B、C组两组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。T1时,3组患者DBP差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);T2、T3、T4、T5、T6时,A组患者DBP均高于B、C组,各期差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);B、C两组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:气腹对未规律治疗的高血压患者影响较大,术前应掌握好LC适应证,注意加强术前准备及术后监护,麻醉期间加强循环、呼吸功能监护,术中严格控制气腹压力、缩短手术时间。非急诊手术患者,待血压控制满意后施术。     

氮质血症期肾癌患者接受腹腔镜肾部分切除术后的肾功能转归

目的总结氮质血症期肾癌(RCC)患者接受腹腔镜下肾部分切除术(LPN)治疗后的肾功能变化规律,并初步探讨影响其术后透析事件的可能临床因素。方法回顾性总结26例氮质血症期RCC患者的所有临床病理资料及肾功能随诊资料,观察血尿素氮(BUN)、血肌酐(Scr)以及总肾小球滤过率(GFR)的变化趋势,并分析可能影响患者术后透析的临床因素。结果所有患者的年龄范围在54~76岁之间,中位年龄64岁。术后1年内,全组患者中共5例患者(19.2%)的肾功能进入了衰竭期,3例患者(11.5%)接受了血液透析治疗。术后1年时,BUN和Scr分别增长了54.5%和58.5%,而总GFR则减少了32.5%。单因素分析显示:肾功能不全的病因、肿瘤原位分期以及术中失血量可能是影响术后是否需要透析治疗的有意义因素。多因素分析显示:肾功能不全的病因才是术后透析的独立风险因素。结论是否存在术前肾血管狭窄性病变可能是氮质血症期RCC患者术后透析事件的独立风险因素。     

腹腔镜主动脉-下腔静脉间隙肾动脉阻断术联合肾癌根治术治疗右侧肾癌疗效研究

目的比较腹腔镜主动脉—下腔静脉间隙超早期肾动脉阻断术联合肾癌根治术与经典方式肾动脉阻断术联合开放性肾癌根治术治疗右侧肾癌的临床效果。方法 2009年3月至2013年2月来我院就诊的80例肾癌患者(右肾,单侧)按照手术方式的不同分为观察组(行腹腔镜主动脉-下腔静脉间隙超早期肾动脉阻断术右侧肾癌根治术)、对照组(行经典方式肾动脉阻断术开放性右侧肾癌根治术)各40例。结果观察组、对照组手术时间分别为(172.3±37.8)min、(193.6±68.4)min,术中出血量分别为(161.5±53.7)mL、(192.3±72.1)mL,术后住院时间分别为(6.4±2.5)d、(7.4±2.2)d,观察组均低于对照组(P0.05);引流管留置时间、并发症、癌转移指标,观察组与对照组差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论腹腔镜主动脉-下腔静脉间隙超早期肾动脉阻断术联合右侧肾癌根治术较经典方式肾动脉阻断术右侧肾癌根治术是一种有效的治疗方式。     

腹腔镜十二指肠溃疡穿孔修补术（附32例报告）

目的：探讨腹腔镜在十二指肠溃疡穿孔中的应用及疗效观察。方法：对32例十二指肠溃疡穿孔患者实施腹腔镜下穿孔修补术，腹腔冲洗引流术。结果：患者手术均获成功，预后良好，无并发症发生病人在6～7d出院，术后随访4个月-2年无复发。结论：腹腔镜下十二指肠溃疡穿孔修补术具有损伤小，恢复快，并发症少等特点。     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术治疗急性胆囊炎的体会

目的探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除术治疗急性胆囊炎的经验。方法介绍并总结了该科在1997年6月～2006年8月收治的171例急性胆囊炎患者。结果该组171例急性胆囊炎患者10例中转开腹,1例为Mirizzi综合征,9例为胆囊三角结构严重粘连,其余病例行腹腔镜胆囊切除术,1例并发术后出血,二次腹腔镜手术止血,1例术后胆汁漏,保守治疗痊愈。结论术前注意病例选择,术中注意仔细操作,及时正确判断术中情况,腹腔镜胆囊切除术治疗急性胆囊炎是安全可行的。     

Transcystic Approach to Laparoscopic Common Bile Duct Exploration

Background and Objectives:

One-stage laparoscopic management for common bile duct stones in patients with gallbladder stones has gained wide acceptance. We developed a novel technique using a transcystic approach for common bile duct exploration as an alternative to the existing procedures.

Methods:

From April 2010 to June 2012, 9 consecutive patients diagnosed with cholelithiasis and common bile duct stones were enrolled in this study. The main inclusion criteria included no upper abdominal surgical history and the presence of a stone measuring <5 mm. After the gallbladder was dissected free from the liver connections in a retrograde fashion, the fundus of the gallbladder was extracted via the port incision in the right epigastrium. The choledochoscope was inserted into the gallbladder through the small opening in the fundus of the gallbladder extracorporeally and was advanced toward the common bile duct via the cystic duct under the guidance of both laparoscopic imaging and endoscopic imaging. After stones were retrieved under direct choledochoscopic vision, a drainage tube was placed in the subhepatic space.

Results:

Of 9 patients, 7 had successful transcystic common bile duct stone clearance. A narrow cystic duct and the unfavorable anatomy of the junction of the cystic duct and common bile duct resulted in losing access to the common bile duct. No bile leakage, hemobilia, or pancreatitis occurred. Wound infection occurred in 2 patients. Transient epigastric colic pain occurred in 2 patients and was relieved by use of anisodamine. A transient increase in the amylase level was observed in 3 patients. Short-term follow-up did not show any recurrence of common bile duct stones.

Conclusion:

Our novel transcystic approach to laparoscopic common bile duct exploration is feasible and efficient.     

Persistent Bleeding After Laparoscopic Supracervical Hysterectomy

Background and Objectives:

In our clinical experience, there seemed to be a correlation between cervical stump bleeding and adenomyosis. Therefore, we wanted to conduct a study to determine whether there was an actual correlation and to identify other risk factors for persistent bleeding after a laparoscopic supracervical hysterectomy.

Methods:

The study included women who underwent laparoscopic supracervical hysterectomy from January 1, 2003, through December 31, 2012. Data were collected on age, postmenopausal status, body mass index (BMI), uterine weight, indication for hysterectomy, concomitant bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (BSO), presence of endometriosis, surgical ablation of the endocervix, adenomyosis, presence of endocervix in the specimen, and postoperative bleeding.

Results:

The study included 256 patients, of whom 187 had no postoperative bleeding after the operation, 40 had bleeding within 12 weeks, and 29 had bleeding after 12 weeks. The 3 groups were comparable in BMI, postmenopausal status, uterine weight, indication for hysterectomy, BSO, surgical ablation of the endocervix, adenomyosis, and the presence of endocervix. However, patients who had postoperative bleeding at more than 12 weeks were significantly younger (P = .002) and had a higher rate of endometriosis (P < .001).

Conclusions:

Risks factors for postoperative bleeding from the cervical stump include a younger age at the time of hysterectomy and the presence of endometriosis. Therefore, younger patients and those with endometriosis who desire to have no further vaginal bleeding may benefit from total hysterectomy over supracervical hysterectomy. All patients who are undergoing supracervical hysterectomy should be counseled about the possible alternatives, benefits, and risks, including continued vaginal bleeding from the cervical stump and the possibility of requiring future treatment and procedures.